Finally separated by commas. Introductory words in a sentence. Space superpower Russia finally managed to overcome a long crisis

What is she, after all? So after all: a gift from God or the Devil? Or a random win in the lottery of fate? (Option for atheists). The debate on this topic is endless. It is much easier to agree on what oil looks like, what color it is, for example. Although in this regard it is possible

Unism. 1. In the end, finally. = Ultimately. Most often with verb. owls type, with a brief f. adj.: how? in the end to do, to decide...; in the end, I must, I must... Life in the mind of an indifferent person quickly fades... and in the end, an indifferent person... ... Educational phraseological dictionary

in the end- adverbial expression and introductory expression 1. Adverbial expression. The same as “after everything, at the end, in conclusion, finally.” Does not require punctuation. In the end, the tree is taken down and the audience disperses... A. Chekhov, Christmas tree. But what if… … Dictionary-reference book on punctuation

in the end- 1. see end; in sign. adv. As a result of everything, ultimately, in the final outcome. I searched for a long time and finally found it. The enemy was eventually forced to lift the siege of the fortress. 2. see end; in sign. introductory Sl.; used as a generalization of what was said.... ... Dictionary of many expressions

in the end- at the end/end/in, also introductory. sl. In the end he agreed. Finally, stop shouting! ... Together. Apart. Hyphenated.

See once... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. finally adverb, number of synonyms: 9 ... Synonym dictionary

In the end- Razg. Express Finally; ultimately. In the end, clarify the question among yourselves: who is the main one in the house, you or your mother? In the end! (Fadeev. Young Guard) ... Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language

KONE, ntsa, m. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Sib. Same thing in the end. SRNG 14, 254; FSS, 95... Large dictionary of Russian sayings

adv. qualities circumstances 1. As a result of everything, after everything. Ott. Ultimately, in the end. 2. Used as an introductory phrase that concludes or summarizes what has been said. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Books

• Communism presented for children. A short story about how things will be different in the end, Adamczak Bini. There are many different ideas about what a communist society should be like. But since “communism is a society that eradicates the illnesses from which people suffer under...
• In the beginning and in the end. Poems, Bubennikov Alexander Nikolaevich. We present to your attention a collection of poems by A. N. Bubennikov “In the beginning and in the end”...

(about introductory words, phrases and sentences)

(continuation)

E. Gekkina, S. Belokurova, S. Drugoveyko-Dolzhanskaya

INTRODUCTORY AND NON-INTRODUCTORY,
or about the distinction between introductory constructions and sentence members

As introductory words, words specially intended for this purpose are used: however, they say, please, so, therefore etc. But the overwhelming majority of introductory words and phrases, as the previous section convinces, are represented by words of various parts of speech in cases where they express the above meanings. Our Auto RU I had, for example, create sentences with an adjective (as a predicate) Maybe, with a predicative adverb (as the main member of an impersonal sentence) Maybe, with an introductory word Maybe:

Observation Maybe in good weather.
Maybe that the weather will be good.
Weather, Maybe, will be good.

The syntactic role of such words is determined by their meaning and context. You can often check it by removing a word from a sentence or moving it. In one case (without an introductory word), the sentence structure is preserved: The weather will be good. In another (without a sentence member) - most often breaks up: Observation... in good weather.

It also happens that a sentence can be interpreted in two ways, and then the indicated verification technique does not give the desired results: the structure is preserved both when the introductory word is removed and when a member of the sentence is removed. Our Author, for example, I once faced the problem of choosing one of two sentences for my story:

Finallygood weather has arrived.
Finally, good weather has arrived.

It was clear that it was necessary to slowly analyze the meaning of the word, finally, the semantic features of the sentence and the entire context. As a result, it was discovered that in the first case the adverb finally characterizes the time of the onset of good weather, which, apparently, had been awaited for a long time. In other words, “after everything” - after bad weather and after waiting - fine days came. Our Auto RU words from one cartoon came to mind: “ We built and built and finally built!"The proposals were very similar. The last thing we experienced Author, – compatibility of the adverb finally and the particle -that: it turned out that to add -That and get finally it was possible without difficulty and without changing the meaning of the sentence. Our Author remembered: This technique helps to recognize adverbs.

In the second case, finally, it was not connected with the verb “arrived”, but referred to some other idea about the weather and its place in a series of other events. The general background was, apparently, thoughts about rest and what was conducive to it: “ I passed all the exams at the university and took time off from work at my own expense. Finally, good weather arrived. Now you can really relax" Behind the word one could finally discern an indication of one more, final argument in favor of a well-deserved rest, which means that it was not simple, but introductory.

Our Author made the right choice, but which one, unfortunately, we don’t remember. Meanwhile, the collection of the site “Culture of Written Speech” also has its own, very good copies of sentences with polysemantic words and phrases and comments on them. We invite you to get to know them.

Undoubtedly. He behaved like an absolutely decent person(adverb meaning ‘completely, absolutely’). Of course, he knows our plans(an introductory word indicating a high degree of confidence of the speaker in what is being communicated. Compare undoubtedly).

In the end. Finally he came(in the end = finally; in the sentence it is an adverbial of time, so the comma is not highlighted) - You are careful enough after all(in the end, it does not indicate the time, but the conclusion to which the speaker came as a result of a series of reasoning; there is no syntactic connection with the rest of the sentence, therefore, in the end, the introductory phrase and a comma (commas) are highlighted. Compare finally).

Anyway. Anyway can be used as an adverb (= regardless of anything, in any circumstances, in any case): You to me anyway write; and also in the meaning of a colloquial particle (= but still): She may not be very smart anyway charming. In journalism and colloquial speech, this phrase is also used as an introductory phrase; compare: He, anyway, did not expect such a turn of events(cf. at least).

At the same time. In its meaning and grammatical nature, the combination is at the same time synonymous with the word however and, like however, can act both as a conjunction (if it is at the beginning of a sentence) joining sentences that contain an addition to what was said earlier, usually with a hint of opposition, - and in this role is not separated by commas: However, knowledge about the mechanisms of radiation action still remains incomplete, and as an introductory word (if it is in the middle of a sentence): However, a different direction of this reaction cannot be ruled out..

Russian language is one of the most difficult in the world. A huge number of rules and exceptions lead to the fact that it is difficult not only for foreigners, but also for native Russian residents to master the language at a good level.

When writing and editing texts, you often need to brush up on the rules of the Russian language. In order not to turn to Google or Yandex every time, I have collected the most important rules in my blog. And I want to start with the rules of punctuation in Russian.

To use a comma or not

« Besides" - always separated by commas (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).

« More likely” in the meaning “very likely, most likely” - separated by commas. For example: “Of course, it’s all because of the cognac and the steam room, otherwise he would most likely remain silent.” In the meaning of “fastest”, it does not stand out. For example: “This is the most likely way to get to the house.”

« Quicker" is not separated by commas:

• if in the meaning “better, more willingly” For example: “She would rather agree to die than to betray him.”
• if it means “it’s better to say.” For example: “making some remark or rather an exclamation.”

« Quicker“is separated by a comma if it is an introductory word expressing the author’s assessment of the degree of reliability of this statement in relation to the previous one (in the meaning of “most likely” or “most likely”). For example: “He cannot be called an intelligent person - rather, he is on his own mind.”

« Of course», « Certainly" - is not separated by commas at the beginning of the response, pronounced in a tone of confidence, conviction: “Of course it is so!”
In other cases, a comma is needed.

Expressions " All in all», « generally” are isolated in the meaning “in short, in a word”, then they are introductory and are separated by commas.

« First of all" are separated by commas as introductory words in the meaning "firstly". For example: “First of all, he is a fairly capable person.” A comma is not used if these words are used to mean “first, at first.” For example: “First of all, you need to contact a specialist.” Comma after " A», « But", etc. is not necessary: ​​“But first of all, I want to say.” When clarifying, the entire phrase is highlighted: “There is hope that these proposals, primarily from the Ministry of Finance, will not be accepted or will be changed.”

« At least», « at least” - are isolated only when inverted: “This issue has been discussed at least twice.”

« In its turn" - is not separated by a comma in the meaning of “for our part”, “in response when it’s our turn.” And as introductory ones they are isolated.

« Literally" - not introductory, not separated by commas.

« Hence" If the meaning is “therefore, therefore, it means,” then commas are needed. For example: “So you, therefore, are our neighbors.”
BUT! If it means “therefore, as a result of this, based on the fact that,” then the comma is needed only on the left. For example: “I found a job, therefore we will have more money”; “You are angry, therefore you are wrong”; “You can’t bake a cake, so I’ll bake it.”

« Least" If it means “the least”, then without commas. For example: “At least I’ll wash the dishes”; “He made at least a dozen mistakes.”
BUT! If in the meaning of comparison with something, emotional assessment, then with a comma. For example: “At a minimum, this approach involves control,” “To do this, you need, at a minimum, to understand politics.”

« That is, if», « especially if" - a comma, as a rule, is not needed.

« That is" is not an introductory word and is not separated by commas on both sides. This is a conjunction, a comma is placed before it (and if in some contexts a comma is placed after it, then for other reasons: for example, to highlight a certain isolated construction or subordinate clause that comes after it).
For example: “There are still five kilometers to the station, that is, an hour’s walk” (a comma is not needed), “There are still five kilometers to the station, that is, if you walk slowly, an hour’s walk” (a comma after “that is” is placed to highlight the subordinate clause sentence “if you go slowly”).

« Anyway" are separated by commas as introductory words if they are used to mean "at least".

« Besides», « Besides», « besides everything (other things)», « besides everything (other)» are separated as introductory ones.
BUT! “Besides that” is a conjunction, a comma is NOT needed. For example: “In addition to not doing anything himself, he also makes claims against me.”

« Thereby», « thanks to», « thanks to this" And " along with that" - a comma is usually not required. Segregation is optional. The presence of a comma is not an error.

« Especially" - without a comma.

« Especially when», « especially since», « especially if" and so on. - a comma is needed before “even more so”. For example: “Such arguments are hardly needed, especially since this is a false statement”, “especially if it is meant”, “rest, especially since a lot of work awaits you”, “you shouldn’t sit at home, especially if your partner invites you to the dance."

« Moreover" - is highlighted with a comma only in the middle of the sentence (on the left).

« Nevertheless" - a comma is placed in the middle of the sentence (on the left). For example: “He has decided everything, however, I will try to convince him.”
BUT! If “but nevertheless”, “if nevertheless”, etc., then commas are NOT needed.

If " however” in the meaning of “but”, then the comma on the right side is NOT placed. (An exception is if this is an interjection. For example: “However, what a wind!”).

« In the end" - if in the meaning "in the end", then the comma is NOT placed.

« Really“is not separated by commas in the meaning of “in fact” (that is, if this is a circumstance expressed by an adverb), if it is synonymous with the adjective “real” - “real, genuine”. For example: “The bark itself is thin, not like oak or pine, which are really not afraid of the hot rays of the sun”; “You are really very tired.”

« Really"can act as an introductory one and stand alone. The introductory word is characterized by intonation isolation - it expresses the speaker’s confidence in the truth of the reported fact. In controversial cases, the author of the text decides on the placement of punctuation marks.

« Because of" - a comma is NOT needed if it is a conjunction, that is, if it can be replaced with “because.” For example: “As a child, he underwent a medical examination because he fought in Vietnam,” “maybe it’s all because I love when a person sings” (a comma is needed, because replace with “because” it is forbidden).

« Anyway" A comma is needed if the meaning is “be that as it may.” Then this is introductory. For example: “She knew that, one way or another, she would tell Anna everything.”
BUT! The adverbial expression “one way or another” (the same as “in one way or another” or “in any case”) does NOT require punctuation. For example: “War is necessary one way or another.”

Always without commas

• Firstly;
• at first sight;
• like;
• like;
• for sure;
• similar;
• More or less;
• literally;
• in addition;
• in the (ultimate) end;
• in the end;
• as a last resort;
• best case scenario;
• Anyway;
• at the same time;
• overall;
• mostly;
• especially;
• in some cases;
• through thick and thin;
• subsequently;
• otherwise;
• as a result;
• due to this;
• after all;
• in this case;
• in the same time;
• generally;
• in this regard;
• mainly;
• often;
• exclusively;
• as a maximum;
• meanwhile;
• just in case;
• in case of emergency;
• if possible;
• as far as possible;
• still;
• practically;
• approximately;
• with all (with) that;
• with (all) desire;
• on occasion;
• wherein;
• equally;
• the biggest;
• at the very least;
• actually;
• generally;
• maybe;
• as if;
• in addition;
• to top it off;
• I suppose;
• by the proposal;
• by decree;
• by decision;
• as if;
• traditionally;
• supposedly.

A comma is not placed at the beginning of a sentence

• “Before... I found myself...”.
• "Since…".
• "Before as…".
• "Although…".
• "As…".
• "In order to…".
• "Instead of…".
• “Actually...”
• "While…".
• “Especially since...”
• "Nevertheless…".
• “Despite the fact that...” (at the same time - separately); There is NO comma before “what”.
• "If…".
• "After…".
• “And...”

The comma is placed depending on the position of the word(s) in the text

« Finally" in the meaning of "finally" - is not separated by commas.

« And this despite the fact that..." - a comma is placed in the middle of the sentence!

« Based on this, ..." - a comma is placed at the beginning of the sentence. BUT: “He did this based on...” - no comma is used.

« After all, if... then..." - a comma is not placed before "if", since the second part of the double conjunction - "then" - comes next. If there is no “then”, then a comma is placed before “if”.

« Less than two years…” - a comma is not placed before “what”, because this is not a comparison.

Comma before " How" is placed only in case of comparison. For example: “Politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - a comma is placed because there is a noun "policy". BUT: “...politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - there is no comma before “how”.

« God willing», « God forbid», « for God's sake" - is not separated by commas.

BUT: commas are placed on both sides:

• “Thank God” - in the middle of a sentence, it is highlighted with commas on both sides. If at the beginning of a sentence, it is highlighted with a comma (on the right side).
• “By God” - in these cases commas are placed on both sides.
• “Oh my God” is highlighted with commas on both sides.

Something about introductory words

If the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without disturbing its structure (usually this happens with conjunctions “and” and “but”), then the conjunction is not included in the introductory construction - a comma is needed. For example: “Firstly, it became dark, and, secondly, everyone was tired.”

If the introductory word cannot be removed or rearranged, then a comma is not placed after the conjunction (usually with the conjunction “a”). For example: “She simply forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it,” “..., and therefore, …”, “..., and maybe …”, “..., and therefore, …”.

If the introductory word can be removed or rearranged, then a comma is needed after the conjunction “a”, since it is not associated with the introductory word, i.e., welded combinations like “and therefore”, “and however”, “and therefore” are not formed. or maybe”, etc. For example: “She not only didn’t love him, but maybe even despised him.”

If at the beginning of the sentence there is a coordinating conjunction (in the connecting meaning) “and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “too”, “also”, “and that”, “and then”, “yes and”, “and also”, etc., and then an introductory word, then a comma in front of it is not needed. For example: “And really, you shouldn’t have done that”; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “And finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances have come to light”; “But of course, everything ended well.”

It happens rarely: if at the beginning of a sentence there is a connecting conjunction, and the introductory construction is highlighted intonationally, then commas are needed. For example: “But, to my great chagrin, Shvabrin decisively announced...”; “And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing.”

Main groups of introductory words and phrases

(set off with commas + on both sides if in the middle of a sentence)

1. Expressing the speaker’s feelings (joy, regret, surprise, etc.) in connection with the message:

• to annoyance;
• to amazement;
• Unfortunately;
• unfortunately;
• to regret;
• to joy;
• Unfortunately;
• to shame;
• fortunately;
• to the surprise;
• to horror;
• for trouble;
• for joy;
• for luck;
• the hour is not exactly
• there is no need to hide it;
• by misfortune;
• by luck;
• strange affair;
• amazing thing;
• what good, etc.

2. Expressing the speaker’s assessment of the degree of reality of what is being communicated (confidence, uncertainty, assumption, possibility, etc.):

• without any doubts;
• undoubtedly;
• indisputably;
• may be;
• right;
• probably;
• apparently;
• Maybe;
• Indeed;
• in fact;
• should be;
• Think;
• Seems;
• it would seem that;
• Certainly;
• Maybe;
• May be;
• Maybe;
• Hope;
• presumably;
• is not it;
• undoubtedly;
• obviously;
• apparently;
• in all probability;
• authentic;
• perhaps;
• I believe;
• in fact;
• essentially;
• Truth;
• right;
• of course;
• goes without saying;
• tea, etc.

3. Indicating the source of what is being reported:

• They say;
• they say;
• transmit;
• In your;
• according to...;
• remembered;
• In my opinion;
• in our opinion;
• according to legend;
• according to information...;
• according to…;
• according to rumors;
• according to message...;
• according to you;
• audible;
• report, etc.

4. Indicating the connection of thoughts, the sequence of presentation:

• All in all;
• Firstly;
• secondly, etc.;
• however;
• Means;
• in particular;
• The main thing;
• Further;
• Means;
• So;
• For example;
• Besides;
• by the way;
• By the way;
• by the way;
• by the way;
• finally;
• vice versa;
• For example;
• against;
• I repeat;
• I emphasize;
• more than that;
• on the other side;
• On the one side;
• that is;
• thus, etc.;
• as it were;
• whatever it was.

5. Indicating techniques and ways of formatting expressed thoughts:

• or rather;
• generally speaking;
• in other words;
• so to speak;
• if I may say so;
• in other words;
• in other words;
• in short;
• better to say;
• to put it mildly;
• in a word;
• simply put;
• in a word;
• as a matter of fact;
• if I may say so;
• so to speak;
• to be precise;
• what is it called, etc.

6. Representing appeals to the interlocutor (reader) in order to attract his attention to what is being reported, to instill a certain attitude towards the facts presented:

• do you believe;
• do you believe;
• do you see;
• you see);
• imagine(those);
• let's say;
• do you know);
• Do you know);
• Sorry);
• believe(those);
• Please;
• understand(those);
• do you understand?
• do you understand?
• listen(those);
• suppose;
• Imagine;
• Sorry);
• let's say;
• agree;
• agree, etc.

7. Measures indicating an assessment of what is being said:

• at least, at least - are isolated only with inversion: “This issue was discussed twice, at least”;
• the biggest;
• at the very least.

8. Showing the degree of normality of what is being reported:

• It happens;
• happened;
• as usual;
• according to custom;
• happens.

9. Expressive statements:

• Jokes aside;
• between us it will be said;
• speaking between us;
• need to say;
• It will not be said as a reproach;
• frankly;
• according to conscience;
• in fairness;
• admit to say;
• to speak honestly;
• funny to say;
• Honestly.

Comparison expressions are written without commas

• poor as a church mouse;
• white as a harrier;
• white as a sheet;
• white as snow;
• fight like a fish on ice;
• pale as death;
• shines like a mirror;
• the illness vanished as if by hand;
• fear like fire;
• wanders around like a restless person;
• rushed like crazy;
• mumbles like a sexton;
• ran in like crazy;
• lucky, as a drowned man;
• spins like a squirrel in a wheel;
• visible as during the day;
• squeals like a pig;
• lies like a gray gelding;
• everything goes like clockwork;
• everything is as if chosen;
• jumped up as if scalded;
• jumped up as if stung;
• stupid as a plug;
• looked like a wolf;
• goal like a falcon;
• hungry as wolf;
• as far as heaven from earth;
• trembled as if in a fever;
• trembled like an aspen leaf;
• everything is like water off a duck's back for him;
• wait like manna from heaven;
• wait like a holiday;
• lead a cat and dog life;
• live like a bird of heaven;
• fell asleep like the dead;
• frozen like a statue;
• lost like a needle in a haystack;
• sounds like music;
• healthy as a bull;
• know like crazy;
• have at one's fingertips;
• fits like a cow's saddle;
• goes next to each other as if sewn on;
• like he sank into the water;
• roll around like cheese in butter;
• sways like a drunk;
• swayed (swayed) like jelly;
• beautiful as a god;
• red like a tomato;
• red as a lobster;
• strong (strong) like an oak;
• screams like a catechumen;
• light as a feather;
• flies like an arrow;
• bald as a knee;
• it's raining cats and dogs;
• waves his arms like a mill;
• rushes about like crazy;
• wet as a mouse;
• gloomy as a cloud;
• they are dying like flies;
• hope like a stone wall;
• people like sardines in a barrel;
• dress up like a doll;
• you can’t see your ears;
• silent as a grave;
• dumb as a fish;
• rush (rush) like crazy;
• rush (rush) like crazy;
• rushes around like a fool with a written bag;
• runs around like a chicken and an egg;
• needed like air;
• needed like last year's snow;
• needed like the fifth spoke in a chariot;
• like a dog needs a fifth leg;
• peel off like sticky;
• one like a finger;
• remained broke like a crayfish;
• stopped dead in his tracks;
• razor sharp;
• different as day from night;
• different as heaven from earth;
• bake like pancakes;
• turned white as a sheet;
• turned pale as death;
• repeated as if delirious;
• you'll go like a darling;
• remember your name;
• remember as in a dream;
• get caught like chickens in cabbage soup;
• hit like a blow to the head;
• sprinkle as if from a cornucopia;
• similar as two peas in a pod;
• sank like a stone;
• appear as if at the behest of a pike;
• loyal like a dog;
• stuck like a bath leaf;
• to fall through the ground;
• goodness (use) like milk from a goat;
• disappeared as if into water;
• just like a knife to the heart;
• burned as if on fire;
• works like an ox;
• understands oranges like a pig;
• disappeared like smoke;
• play it like clockwork;
• grow like mushrooms after rain;
• grow by leaps and bounds;
• drop from the clouds;
• fresh (like blood and milk);
• fresh as a cucumber;
• sat as if chained;
• sit on pins and needles;
• sit on coals;
• listened as if spellbound;
• looked as if enchanted;
• slept like the dead;
• rush like a fire;
• stands like an idol;
• slender as a Lebanese cedar;
• melts like a candle;
• hard as a rock;
• dark as night;
• accurate as a clock;
• skinny as a skeleton;
• cowardly as a hare;
• died as a hero;
• fell as if knocked down;
• stubborn like a sheep;
• stubborn like a bull;
• mulish;
• tired as a dog;
• cunning like a fox;
• cunning like a fox;
• it gushes like a bucket;
• he walked around as if he had been drowned;
• walked like a birthday boy;
• walk as if on a thread;
• cold as ice;
• thin as a sliver;
• black as coal;
• black as hell;
• feel at home;
• feel like you are behind a stone wall;
• feel like a fish in water;
• staggered like a drunk;
• it's like being executed;
• clear as two and two are four;
• clear as day, etc.

A few words about homogeneous members of a sentence

The following stable expressions are not homogeneous and therefore are not separated by a comma:

• neither this nor that;
• neither fish nor fowl;
• neither stand nor sit;
• no end or edge;
• neither light nor dawn;
• not a sound, not a breath;
• neither for yourself nor for people;
• neither sleep nor spirit;
• neither here nor there;
• for no reason about anything;
• neither give nor take;
• no answer, no hello;
• neither yours nor ours;
• neither subtract nor add;
• and this way and that;
• both day and night;
• both laughter and grief;
• and cold and hunger;
• both old and young;
• about this and that;
• both;
• in both.

The general rule: a comma is not placed inside complete phraseological expressions formed by two words with opposite meanings, connected by a repeating conjunction “and” or “nor”.

Never separated by comma

1. Verbs in the same form, indicating movement and its purpose.

• I'll go for a walk.
• Sit down and rest.
• Go take a look.

2. Forming a semantic unity.

• Can't wait.
• Let's sit and talk.

3. Paired combinations of a synonymous, antonymous or associative nature.

• Seek the truth.
• There is no end.
• Honor and praise to all.
• Let's go.
• Everything is covered.
• It's nice to see.
• Questions of purchase and sale.
• Greet with bread and salt.
• Tie hand and foot.

4. Compound words (interrogative-relative pronouns, adverbs that contrast something).

• For some people, but you can’t.
• It’s somewhere, somewhere, and everything is there.