Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all of the presentation's features. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
One of the tasks of a modern school is to teach students to independently search for the necessary information. This problem can be solved by using modular technology, the essence of which is that the student independently achieves educational and cognitive goals. This technology involves the gradual development of information through a prescriptive algorithm that determines the sequence of actions. A type of modular training is frame– a special form of knowledge representation, consisting of a finite number of elements, each of which has its own name and meaning. By accumulating knowledge at each stage of the frame, students eventually come to the necessary large-scale conclusion, in this case about how a character in a realistic work achieves the status of a “world” image.
Goals and objectives of the lesson: acquaintance with the work of the French realist Prosper Merimee; training in literary analysis skills; formation of ideas about the relationship and interpenetration of romantic and realistic movements; development of the terms “critical realism”, “short story”, “literary image”, “eternal” and “world” images”, “problematics”, “composition”; clarification of cause-and-effect relationships from the hero of a literary work to the “world” image; identifying the main features of the image of Carmen and the place of this image in world art; development of thinking; nurturing a love for literature as a source of morality.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment. Declaration of lesson objectives.
2. Genre features of P. Merimee’s short story “Carmen”.
Teacher's word:
Until now, there is no consensus among literary theorists about the origin of this genre. Some believe that the short story originates in ancient prose, others - in the literature of the Middle Ages, and still others associate the short story with everyday jokes.
Initially, the short story complied with strict principles: it is a short prose narrative with a simple but dynamic plot, devoid of philosophical issues.
But the novella of the 11th century went through a difficult path; it was imprinted by the ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, which affirmed the power of the human mind: “I think, therefore I exist.” Therefore, the short story loses its simplicity and laconicism, but acquires social, moral and philosophical issues.
In Russian literature the term “story” is more accepted, in English – “short story”. And yet the short story remains an experimental genre.
The largest short story writers are Boccaccio, Hoffmann, Merimee, E. Poe, Maupassant, D. London, T. Mann and others.
Working with the text by P. Merimee “Carmen”.
What are the genre features of the short story “Carmen”?
3. Realistic image of the heroine in P. Merimee’s short story “Carmen”.
I. Why is the short story named after Carmen? (It is with this that the problems of the novella are connected).
II. What is the time and place of the story? (1830, Spain).
III. What are your first impressions of the heroine? (“For a woman to be beautiful...”) She is a “witch,” “the devil’s minion.”
IV. Features of portrait characteristics? (“My gypsy could not claim...”).
V. Why is Carmen not depicted as a beauty?
VI. In the portrait description of which heroines of Russian literature is special attention paid to the eyes? (“Radiant” - Marya Bolkonskaya, “velvet” - Princess Mary).
VII. Can Carmen be called a “femme fatale”? Why? (“Didn’t I promise...?”).
VIII. What is Carmen like in the scene before her murder? (“She looked at me intently...”).
Murder only seems to be a consequence of passions. This is not a melodrama, but a tragedy. Jose says over Carmen, whom he killed: “It’s the Cales’ fault for raising her like this.” And this is where Merimee’s worldview comes into play. The author does not take sides, since we are talking not about individuals, but about peoples. This is the social problem of the novella.
In Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century there was a similar murder scene (Aleko - Zemfira). What is the difference? (This is a moral issue).
4. The romantic image of Carmen in Russian literature.
The image of Carmen also penetrates into Russian literature. In March 1914 A.A. Blok writes 10 poems combined into the “Carmen” cycle. It's dedicated to L.A. Delmas, opera singer. Even in Blok’s early poems the ringing of monists and the beating of a tambourine can be heard. Blok first saw Delmas in 1912: she performed the role of Carmen on the stage of the Musical Drama - her best role.
Students reading poems by A.A. Blok and M.I. Tsvetaeva.
Is Carmen a romantic or realistic heroine among Russian poets of the 20th century?
5. The romantic image of Carmen in opera and painting.
Carmen began to be perceived as a romantic image thanks to Georges Bizet’s opera “Carmen” (1875).
Student report “The Image of Carmen in Bizet’s Opera.”
Listening to Carmen's aria.
Report “Carmen in Shchedrin’s opera.”
Brief presentations by students “Carmen in painting”.
6. “Eternal” image of Carmen.
We are familiar with the concept of an “eternal” image. The sources of “eternal” images (students give examples) are:
Mythological characters;
Legendary historical figures;
Biblical images;
Literary characters.
An “eternal” image can be impersonal: “Turgenev’s girl”, “a woman of Balzac’s age”, some literary types.
In the previous stages of the lesson, we have already proven that Carmen, without a doubt, is an “eternal” image.
7. “World” image of Carmen.
But the image of Carmen is not only “eternal”, but also “worldwide”.
There are three “world” images in art: Carmen, Don Quixote, Hamlet.
What do these “world” images symbolize?
8. Summing up.
Thus, Carmen is the bearer of gypsy ideology, a type of “femme fatale”, an “eternal” and “world” image. Despite the fact that the heroine Merimee is a realistic character, in world culture she appears as a romantic image.
9. Homework.
Essay (student's choice):
- “...Carmen’s temper is like the weather in our area”;
- “I wear wool, but I am not a sheep.”
Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all of the presentation's features. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
One of the tasks of a modern school is to teach students to independently search for the necessary information. This problem can be solved by using modular technology, the essence of which is that the student independently achieves educational and cognitive goals. This technology involves the gradual development of information through a prescriptive algorithm that determines the sequence of actions. A type of modular training is frame– a special form of knowledge representation, consisting of a finite number of elements, each of which has its own name and meaning. By accumulating knowledge at each stage of the frame, students eventually come to the necessary large-scale conclusion, in this case about how a character in a realistic work achieves the status of a “world” image.
Goals and objectives of the lesson: acquaintance with the work of the French realist Prosper Merimee; training in literary analysis skills; formation of ideas about the relationship and interpenetration of romantic and realistic movements; development of the terms “critical realism”, “short story”, “literary image”, “eternal” and “world” images”, “problematics”, “composition”; clarification of cause-and-effect relationships from the hero of a literary work to the “world” image; identifying the main features of the image of Carmen and the place of this image in world art; development of thinking; nurturing a love for literature as a source of morality.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment. Declaration of lesson objectives.
2. Genre features of P. Merimee’s short story “Carmen”.
Teacher's word:
Until now, there is no consensus among literary theorists about the origin of this genre. Some believe that the short story originates in ancient prose, others - in the literature of the Middle Ages, and still others associate the short story with everyday jokes.
Initially, the short story complied with strict principles: it is a short prose narrative with a simple but dynamic plot, devoid of philosophical issues.
But the novella of the 11th century went through a difficult path; it was imprinted by the ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, which affirmed the power of the human mind: “I think, therefore I exist.” Therefore, the short story loses its simplicity and laconicism, but acquires social, moral and philosophical issues.
In Russian literature the term “story” is more accepted, in English – “short story”. And yet the short story remains an experimental genre.
The largest short story writers are Boccaccio, Hoffmann, Merimee, E. Poe, Maupassant, D. London, T. Mann and others.
Working with the text by P. Merimee “Carmen”.
What are the genre features of the short story “Carmen”?
3. Realistic image of the heroine in P. Merimee’s short story “Carmen”.
I. Why is the short story named after Carmen? (It is with this that the problems of the novella are connected).
II. What is the time and place of the story? (1830, Spain).
III. What are your first impressions of the heroine? (“For a woman to be beautiful...”) She is a “witch,” “the devil’s minion.”
IV. Features of portrait characteristics? (“My gypsy could not claim...”).
V. Why is Carmen not depicted as a beauty?
VI. In the portrait description of which heroines of Russian literature is special attention paid to the eyes? (“Radiant” - Marya Bolkonskaya, “velvet” - Princess Mary).
VII. Can Carmen be called a “femme fatale”? Why? (“Didn’t I promise...?”).
VIII. What is Carmen like in the scene before her murder? (“She looked at me intently...”).
Murder only seems to be a consequence of passions. This is not a melodrama, but a tragedy. Jose says over Carmen, whom he killed: “It’s the Cales’ fault for raising her like this.” And this is where Merimee’s worldview comes into play. The author does not take sides, since we are talking not about individuals, but about peoples. This is the social problem of the novella.
In Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century there was a similar murder scene (Aleko - Zemfira). What is the difference? (This is a moral issue).
4. The romantic image of Carmen in Russian literature.
The image of Carmen also penetrates into Russian literature. In March 1914 A.A. Blok writes 10 poems combined into the “Carmen” cycle. It's dedicated to L.A. Delmas, opera singer. Even in Blok’s early poems the ringing of monists and the beating of a tambourine can be heard. Blok first saw Delmas in 1912: she performed the role of Carmen on the stage of the Musical Drama - her best role.
Students reading poems by A.A. Blok and M.I. Tsvetaeva.
Is Carmen a romantic or realistic heroine among Russian poets of the 20th century?
5. The romantic image of Carmen in opera and painting.
Carmen began to be perceived as a romantic image thanks to Georges Bizet’s opera “Carmen” (1875).
Student report “The Image of Carmen in Bizet’s Opera.”
Listening to Carmen's aria.
Report “Carmen in Shchedrin’s opera.”
Brief presentations by students “Carmen in painting”.
6. “Eternal” image of Carmen.
We are familiar with the concept of an “eternal” image. The sources of “eternal” images (students give examples) are:
Mythological characters;
Legendary historical figures;
Biblical images;
Literary characters.
An “eternal” image can be impersonal: “Turgenev’s girl”, “a woman of Balzac’s age”, some literary types.
In the previous stages of the lesson, we have already proven that Carmen, without a doubt, is an “eternal” image.
7. “World” image of Carmen.
But the image of Carmen is not only “eternal”, but also “worldwide”.
There are three “world” images in art: Carmen, Don Quixote, Hamlet.
What do these “world” images symbolize?
8. Summing up.
Thus, Carmen is the bearer of gypsy ideology, a type of “femme fatale”, an “eternal” and “world” image. Despite the fact that the heroine Merimee is a realistic character, in world culture she appears as a romantic image.
9. Homework.
Essay (student's choice):
- “...Carmen’s temper is like the weather in our area”;
- “I wear wool, but I am not a sheep.”
Now let's talk about the main character.
Carmen is a gypsy, a cigar factory worker. She is beautiful, passionate, loves freedom. Carmen in the opera is the embodiment of female beauty and charm, passion and courage. J. Bizet masterfully conveys the fiery temperament of the gypsy, her indomitable character, beauty and enthusiasm. Carmen's vocal part is full of intonations and rhythms of Spanish folk songs and dances. Carmen's entrance is preceded by the sound of an orchestra. The musical characteristic of the freedom-loving Carmen, the habanera, contains the rhythms of this folk dance.
“Habanera” from J. Bizet’s opera “Carmen”
Habanera is a free love song that sounds like a challenge to Jose. At the end of the scene, Carmen throws a flower to Jose, the young soldier, thereby recognizing him as her chosen one, and promises love.
In Act 3, another characteristic of Carmen appears. The difference between Jose and Carmen is too great. Jose dreams of a quiet life as a peasant, but Carmen no longer loves him. A gap between them is inevitable. She and her friends are telling fortunes with cards. What will they tell her? Only fate does not promise anything good for Carmen; she saw her death sentence in the cards. With deep sorrow she reflects on the future.
The image of Carmen in literature
Carmen- Spanish gypsy Carmencita. The narrator, a French historian, meets her in 1830 in Andalusia, and later learns her story from her lover, an awaiting execution robber called José Navarro. José, who served as a non-commissioned officer in Seville, met K. when she worked in a tobacco factory there. Forced to arrest her for a fight with another worker, he lets her go, succumbing to a sudden passion; K. becomes his mistress. Having become jealous of her for the officer of his regiment, he kills his rival and is forced to hide from court. K. hides him and introduces him to a gang of robbers and smugglers who rob rich travelers, whom the gypsy lures into a trap with her beauty. Here Jose has a new rival - “husband” Carmen, a cruel bandit who escaped from prison; Having killed him in the fight, Jose himself becomes her “husband,” but Carmen does not accept his claims to power and sole possession. In Cordoba, she meets the bullfighter Lucas, and then Jose, who is “tired of killing Carmen’s lovers,” takes her to the mountains to put her to death; She refuses the offer to go to America together and dies courageously, without trying to escape or beg for mercy. Jose, unable to survive the death of his beloved, surrenders to the authorities and goes to the scaffold. Karme is a robber, she participates in robberies and murders and herself finds death from a dagger. The love she inspires in men is a romantically cruel and frantic passion. Carmen's inconstancy is interpreted in Merimee's novel not as a manifestation of weak female nature, but as a fanatical devotion of a romantic individual to the idea of freedom.
The image of Carmen in art and literature
Often writers, poets, composers and artists turn to eternal images of literature and art. Each author has the right to introduce other features into an already existing image, and to remove the old ones altogether. But still, the brightest facets of this eternal image remain unchanged. The so-called “wandering” plots and images are interesting in all the diversity of these transformations.
There are many eternal images known: Don Juan, Don Quixote, Sancho Panzo, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello and many, many others. One of the most recognizable, popular and, perhaps, even the most beloved is the image of Carmen.
When you see a dark-haired girl with a scarlet flower in her hair at a carnival, the name Carmen pops up at the level of association, and along with the name, everything else that is associated with this name comes to mind: the girl’s love of freedom, pride, charm, divine beauty, insidiousness, cunning, - everything that defeated Jose and that defeats other men.
Carmen became the first world-famous femme fatale in literary history, although there are other popular characters. The “femme fatale” has been popular at all times and comes across us, in one form or another, in every culture.
It seems that Merimee wrote a story that could very well have happened in reality. Merimee does not idealize her heroes. In the image of Carmen, he embodies all the “bad passions”: she is insidious and evil, she betrays her husband, the crooked Garcia, she is merciless towards her abandoned lover. Why then does she attract men so much?
Carmen is an integral person with a love of freedom, a protest against all violence and oppression. It was these character traits that impressed the composer Georges Bizet, who continued to develop the image in his opera.
Immediately after the premiere of the opera, which took place in 1875, many negative reviews followed, but at the same time, great geniuses appreciated Bizet’s opera.
P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote: “Bizet’s opera is a masterpiece, one of those few things that are destined to reflect to the greatest extent the musical aspirations of an entire era. In ten years, Carmen will be the most popular opera in the world.” These words turned out to be truly prophetic. Nowadays, the opera is included in the repertoire of all opera troupes and is performed in all languages of the world, including even Japanese.
"Carmen" is one of the masterpieces of opera. Bizet masterfully recreated the Spanish flavor, the peculiarities of the gypsy nature, and the drama of conflicts.
The image of the beautiful, unpredictable gypsy Carmen is very mysterious. Many writers and poets tried to understand what exactly was so enchanting about her.
The name Carmen is associated with beauty, deceit, love of freedom, rose, habanera, Spain, love - that is why there are so many interpretations in different fields of art. And yet, for many, Carmen is a symbol of love of freedom and the trampling of all violence.
The practical lesson takes place in a creative form. Students make reports and presentations on the topic of the lesson. Themes:
The image of Carmen in poetry (A. Blok cycle “Carmen”, T. Gautier, M. Tsvetaeva, etc.).
The image of Carmen in cinema. Different versions and interpretations of the classic plot.
Opera by J. Bizet “Carmen”.
The image of Carmen in ballet.
MATERIALS:
Weil, P. Genius loci. Seville (documentary)
Bizet, J. Opera "Carmen"
Ballet "Carmen" (singing fountains in Prague)
Chaplin, C. Carmen, or Parody of Carmen
Saira, C. Carmen (feature film)
Practical lesson No. 3 Topic: “Honoré de Balzac’s story “Gobsek” as a classic work of French realism of the 19th century.”
Issues for discussion:
The history of the creation of O. de Balzac’s story “Gobsek”: how the story was written - its different editions, variations of the names of each edition, changes in the plot, etc.;
place of the story “Gobsek” in “The Human Comedy” by O. de Balzac. Fill out the table.
Table: “The history of the creation of the story “Gobsek”. The evolution of Gobsek's image"
Features of the structure of the story: a combination of several independent storylines. Why does the story begin with a scene in a social drawing room? Why is the lawyer Derville the narrator? Highlight the “internal stories” in the work.
Who do they belong to, what determines the narrator’s choice?
System of images and principles of their creation: Gobsek - Countess Anastasi de Resto - Fanny Malvo - Max de Tray.
General plan for image analysis:
portrait (find in the text and comment),
setting (what things surround the hero),
details, their role in the text,
attitude towards money.
FAMILY DE RESTAU. The first storyline in the story is connected with them - the struggle for the inheritance of Count de Resto.
What is the essence of this struggle?
Tell us about the main participants - the count, the countess, her lover Maxime de Tray. How were selfishness, love for children, inhumanity, greed, and passion mixed in their relationship?
What kind of relationship do the spouses have? What role does the fictitious transaction between the count and the moneylender play?
Describe the countess's boudoir and herself against the backdrop of this shameless luxury.
What feelings does this description inspire in the reader: surprise, indignation, admiration?
How does the countess behave in a conversation with a lawyer and a money lender?
What worries her most after the death of her husband and how does her behavior characterize the norms of bourgeois society of that time?
DERVILLE. FANNY MALVO (the second storyline is connected with them).
What does Derville tell about his relationship with Gobsek, about the peculiar guardianship that Gobsek bestows on him.
Tell us about Gobsek's visit to Fanny Malvo. What did the moneylender see in the room of the virtuous seamstress? Why did I feel sympathy for her (as before - for Derville).
How does this description compare with the description of the countess's boudoir?
portrait of the hero (find and comment on: what details does Balzac pay attention to, what artistic techniques does the author use when creating the image of his hero, what is their role in the text; pay attention to the symbolism of color);
the situation surrounding the hero, how it characterizes him;
the hero's life philosophy;
usurious practices;
the symbolic meaning of the death scene and the image of the storeroom;
romantic and realistic in the image of Gobsek (remember the story about the hero’s past).
Fill out a quotation table that will make your work easier in class.
|
HUD. |
DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMAGE OF THE GOBSEK |
|
|
OUTPUT (COMMENT) |
Portrait of the hero at the beginning of the story | |
|
Briefly write down the dominant features in the portrait. | ||
|
There is no need to rewrite everything, only what Balzac pays attention to when describing the hero. When citing, indicate the source of the citation - the book's imprint and page number. | ||
|
Portrait of the hero at the end of the story (when Gobsek dies) | ||
|
Situation |
Hero's life philosophy (principles)
Relationships with people: with Derville, the de Resto family, Fanny Malvo.
After the lesson, 2 tables are submitted to the teacher for checking! LITERATURE:
Balzac, O. Gobsek
Oblomievsky, D.D. Balzac. Stages of the creative path / D.D. Oblomievsky. – M., 1961.
Parnasova, I.K. All about Balzac / I.K. Parnasova. – M.: Education, 1997.
Puzikov, A.I. Portraits of French writers / A.I. Puzikov. – M., 1981. – P. 6-68.
Reizov, B.G. Balzac / B.G. Reizov. – L., 1960.
Chicherin, A.V. Balzac’s works “Gobsek” and “Lost Illusions” / A.V. Chicherin. – M., 1982.
Shiryaeva, N.N. O. Balzac “Gobsek”. Analysis of literary characters / N.N. Shiryaeva // Dictionary of literary characters. Foreign literature of the 19th century. T. 6. / comp. and resp. ed. V.P. Meshcheryakov. – M., 1997. – P. 131-141. French was born on October 25, 1838
composer Georges Bizet
, who forever went down in history thanks to his famous opera “Carmen”. However, the audience liked the image of the young freedom-loving gypsy beauty so much that Carmen eventually “penetrated” many areas of art - and not only art: even an asteroid discovered in 1905 was named after the heroine.
Georges Bizet. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org Literature It was in literature that the image of Carmen arose - Carmencita was the name of a rebellious gypsy who refused to submit to the man who loved her and paid for it with her life. I came up with a character
Galli-Marie is the first performer of the role of Carmen. Photo by Nadar Studio Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
However, the image of the heroine was happily picked up by other artists - painters, directors, composers. U Alexandra Blok There is a cycle of 10 poems of the same name.
Snowy spring is raging.
I take my eyes off the book...
Oh, the terrible hour when she
Reading Zuniga's hand,
A glance flashed into Jose's eyes!
The eyes lit up with mockery,
A row of pearl teeth flashed,
And I forgot all the days, all the nights,
And my heart began to bleed,
Washing away the memory of the fatherland...
And the voice sang: At the cost of life
You will pay me for my love!
They also wrote about the gypsy Nikolay Gumilyov And Marina Tsvetaeva.
Music and theater
The immortal opera by Georges Bizet is still one of the most popular in the world: only in Russia it was successfully performed at the Mariinsky Theater and the Bolshoi Theater, at the Stanislavsky Opera House and the Opera and Ballet Theater. Kirov.
Diana Vishneva in a habanera from the ballet “Carmen Suite” to the music of Georges Bizet and Rodion Shchedrin during a gala concert dedicated to the opening of the “New Stage” of the Mariinsky Theater. Photo: www.russianlook.com
There is also "Carmen Suite" - a one-act ballet to the music of Bizet in orchestration Rodion Shchedrin, and numerous interpretations on the theme of Mérimée's novel.
Painting
The artists were interested not only in the image of Carmen herself, passionate and vicious, but they also willingly depicted the actresses performing her part. For example, at Vrubel there is “Portrait of T. S. Lyubatovich in the role of Carmen”, and Edouard Manet – Emilia Ambre.
Edouard Manet. Emilia Ambre as Carmen Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
Movie
Cinematography is also not I was able to ignore the gypsy: there are feature films about her, as well as film adaptations of opera and ballet, and even a cartoon. And the production of “Carmen Suite” was filmed twice in the Soviet Union (both times starring the brilliant Maya Plisetskaya).
