My reading of the story by M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". Moral lessons in the story “Heart of a Dog” Reasoning on the pages of the story “Heart of a Dog”

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The work of M. A. Bulgakov is the largest phenomenon of Russian fiction of the 20th century. Its main theme can be considered the theme of “the tragedy of the Russian people.” The writer was a contemporary of all those tragic events that took place in Russia in the first half of our century. And M. A. Bulgakov’s most frank views on the fate of his country are expressed, in my opinion, in the story “The Heart of a Dog.” The story is based on a great experiment. The main character of the story, Professor Preobrazhensky, who represents the type of people closest to Bulgakov, the type of Russian intellectual, conceives a kind of competition with Nature itself. His experiment is fantastic: creating a new person by transplanting part of a human brain into a dog. Moreover, the story takes place on Christmas Eve, and the professor bears the name Preobrazhensky. And the experiment becomes a parody of Christmas, an anti-creation. But, alas, the scientist realizes the immorality of violence against the natural course of life too late. To create a new person, the scientist takes the pituitary gland of the “proletarian” - the alcoholic and parasite Klim Chugunkin. And now, as a result of a most complex operation, an ugly, primitive creature appears, completely inheriting the “proletarian” essence of its “ancestor”. The first words he uttered were swearing, the first distinct word was “bourgeois.” And then - street expressions: “don’t push!”, “scoundrel”, “get off the bandwagon” and so on. A disgusting “man of small stature and unsympathetic appearance appears. A monstrous homunculus, a man with a canine disposition, the “basis” of which was a lumpen proletarian, feels himself the master of life; he is arrogant, swaggering, aggressive. The conflict between Professor Preobrazhensky, Bormenthal and the humanoid creature is absolutely inevitable. The life of the professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a living hell. Despite the dissatisfaction of the owner of the house, Sharikov lives in his own way, primitively and stupidly: during the day he mostly sleeps in the kitchen, messes around, does all sorts of outrages, confident that “nowadays everyone has his own right” . Of course, it is not this scientific experiment in itself that Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov seeks to depict in his story. The story is based primarily on allegory. We are talking not only about the scientist’s responsibility for his experiment, about the inability to see the consequences of his actions, about the huge difference between evolutionary changes and a revolutionary invasion of life. The story “Heart of a Dog” contains the author’s extremely clear view of everything that is happening in the country. Everything that happened around was also perceived by M. A. Bulgakov as an experiment - huge in scale and more than dangerous. He saw that in Russia they were also trying to create a new type of person. A person who is proud of his ignorance, low origin, but who received enormous rights from the state. It is precisely such a person who is convenient for the new government, because he will put into the dirt those who are independent, intelligent, and high in spirit. M.A. Bulgakov considers the reorganization of Russian life to be an intervention in the natural course of things, the consequences of which could be disastrous. But do those who conceived their experiment realize that it can also hit the “experimenters”? Do they understand that the revolution that took place in Russia was not the result of the natural development of society, and therefore can lead to consequences that no one can control? ? These are the questions, in my opinion, that M. A. Bulgakov poses in his work. In the story, Professor Preobrazhensky manages to return everything to its place: Sharikov again becomes an ordinary dog. Will we ever be able to correct all those mistakes, the results of which we are still experiencing?

A short essay-discussion on the topic “The Heart of a Dog: Moral Lessons” in literature

The story “Heart of a Dog” was not written by Bulgakov for frivolous reading. It contains very important moral lessons that every person needs to receive in a timely manner. In a light, humorous manner, the author talks about very important things relating to morality, spirituality and interpersonal relationships. What does Bulgakov teach in the story “Heart of a Dog”?

One of the main moral lessons in the story is the ethical impossibility of a person to come up with a new way of giving birth to people. Philip Philipovich challenged nature when he went against its laws. Therefore, his creation was terrible and unnatural. He was recognized in society as an equal, only to be used as a trump card against the “bourgeois” professor. In fact, he was perceived as a laboratory rat, and such artificial people will not take root in society, they will always be humiliated, underestimated and used for their own purposes, taking advantage of their gullibility. This means that through such operations humanity will have the opportunity to make slaves for themselves, inferior and oppressed.

With the help of Sharikov, Bulgakov showed his attitude to such experiments: science cannot recreate people artificially, because birth must be followed by upbringing, moreover, within the framework of the main social institution - the family. The professor’s creation cannot claim the status of a person, since it did not go through the most important stage of personality formation - upbringing. We see the consequences of this omission: Sharikov behaves in a phenomenally immoral and uncultured manner. The need for family education is another moral lesson of the writer.

It is noteworthy that Sharikov’s comrades do not behave much better. This is caused, again, by gaps in upbringing. Their parents worked around the clock in factories, were poor and had no rights. Therefore, the children of workers are initially deprived of the opportunity to receive an education and learn good manners. They are almost orphans. This means that the “ruin in our heads” is not the fault of the Bolsheviks or the consequence of a disastrous revolution; even the general spread of atheism has nothing to do with it. This is a vice of pre-revolutionary society and the unjust tsarist regime. Having mutilated the parents, the gentlemen received the revenge of the children, who had no one to teach mercy and forgiveness. Thus, Bulgakov teaches us to look for reasons that are deeper and more truthful than those lying on the surface. He also encourages us all to think ahead, because the consequences of our mistakes can be dire.

In addition, Bulgakov severely punishes the proud man who dared to replace God. The professor repents of his actions and almost pays with his life for his immoral experiment. He sees what his ambitions led to: Sharikov never became a man, but he felt like a man and lived among us. Moreover, he could not become everyone equal; people would not recognize him. This means that the professor doomed his brainchild to an unhappy and incomplete life, and made it clear to society that anyone can be resurrected, and this creates a huge number of problems.

Thus, Bulgakov not only wrote a fascinating story, but also put very important moral messages into it. It provides useful food for thought and answers to many difficult questions that we ask throughout our lives.

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