“Stolz and Oblomov” - Oblomov and Stolz.
“Roman Goncharov Oblomov” - Alexander 11. Oblomov. Copying reality, cast from life. "An ordinary story." Provincial committees. -A large epic work, a literary genre. Functions of a work of art. Piece of art. “The Noble Nest” by Turgenev I.S. 1859. Publication of “The Precipice” in the “Bulletin of Europe”.
“Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel” - The first part of the novel was written in 1849. The idea for the novel “Oblomov” arose from I.A. Goncharov in the late 40s of the 19th century. The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” shows the origins of the hero’s character. As a child, Ilyusha Oblomov was a lively and inquisitive child. Oblomov's love story. One day in the life of Oblomov. There is no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom on my face.”
"Goncharov Oblomov" - Interior details. "Sleepy" interior. Oblomov did not pass the test of love. Plot details. Definition of artistic detail. Love. The reason for apathy lies in the way of mental and moral development." The details can be: shape, color, light, sound, smell, etc. The sofa is a symbol of inactivity, laziness and apathy.
“Goncharov’s novel Oblomov” - Restore the composition of the dream: highlight the main thematic parts. Volkov. “Stolz doesn’t inspire me with any confidence. Paradise. HOW TO LIVE? (The dispute between the heroes in chapters 3-4. Oblomov and Stolz. Gorokhovaya Street. Vyborg Side. 1. “Appearance” of the gentleman. D. S. Merezhkovsky 1890 Alekseev? Serfdom, inertia and monotony of landowner life.
“Roman Oblomov” - Zakhar - A. Popov; Oblomov - O. Tabakov. Trilogy by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov: Yu. Gershkovich 1982. Director N.S. Mikhalkov. 1980. Novel “Ordinary History” Ill. Y.S. Gershkovich 1981. Still from the film. Still from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov.” Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” Ill. In the living room before dinner.
There are 8 presentations in total
Introduction
Goncharov’s work “Oblomov” is a socio-psychological novel built on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, as well as their basic values and life path. Comparing the lifestyles of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel “Oblomov” allows us to better understand the ideological concept of the work and understand the reasons for the tragedy of the destinies of both heroes.
Features of the heroes' lifestyle
The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life’s difficulties and does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act causes sadness in the hero and plunges him even deeper into an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after his first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career and took refuge from the outside world on his favorite sofa, trying not only not to leave the house, but not even to get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. Ilya Ilyich’s way of life is similar to slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The hero's personality gradually degrades, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.
On the contrary, difficulties spur Stolz on; any mistake for him is only a reason to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally; there are no surprises, illusions or strong shocks in his life, because he has calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.
The lifestyle of the heroes and their childhood
The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the very early years of the heroes. Their childhood, adolescence and adulthood proceed differently, they are instilled with different values and life guidelines, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.
Oblomov grew up like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the surrounding world. The parents spoiled little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, and were ready to do everything to make their son happy and contented. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero’s native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy and poorly educated villagers considered labor to be something similar to punishment. Therefore, they tried to avoid it in every possible way, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not help but influence Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar, as lazy and slow as his master, can always do everything for you. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the outside world and creates in his imagination some idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to “live.”
Stolz's childhood is different, which is due, first of all, to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise his son as a worthy bourgeois, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. Andrei Ivanovich’s sophisticated mother, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and the arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrei, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, so after graduating from university he easily took his place in society, becoming an irreplaceable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activity was an impulse for further personal, social and career development.
Similarities and differences in the characters' lifestyles
If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating respectively as a passive lifestyle leading to degradation and an active one aimed at comprehensive development, then their similarities are visible only after a detailed analysis of the characters. Both heroes are “superfluous” people for their era; they both do not live in the present time, and therefore are in constant search for themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, slow Oblomov holds on with all his might to his past, to the “heavenly”, idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.
Stolz strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how to transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it brighter and more real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov’s “extra” nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to the development of relations with Olga).
Such isolation from others and internal loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz fills with thoughts about work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying their friend’s lifestyle, considering it either too active and intense (Oblomov was even upset by the fact that he had to walk for a long time in boots, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was “Oblomovism” that ruined Ilya Ilyich).
Conclusion
Using the example of the lifestyle of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social class but who received different upbringings can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live hiding from the whole world in illusion or giving himself overly to others, to the point of mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.
Work test
Each person is individual. There are no absolutely identical people who coincide in their worldview, thoughts, and views on all aspects of life. In this respect, literary heroes are no different from real people.
Oblomov. Stolz. It seems like these are completely different people. Oblomov is slow, lazy, unfocused. Stolz is energetic, cheerful, and purposeful. But these two people love and respect each other, they are true friends. This means that they are not so different, they also have something in common that holds them together. Is it true? Are Oblomov and Stolz really antipodes?
They knew each other since childhood, since Oblomovka and Verkhlevo, where the friends lived, were nearby. But how different the situation was in these two regions! Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone lived in it for their own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral or spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man and the world were created. They lived their whole lives without particularly straining, like a flat river that flows along a long-established level bed quietly, sluggishly, and there are no stones, mountains or other obstacles in its path, it never overflows more than usual, it never dries up; it begins its path somewhere, flows very calmly, without making any noise, and quietly flows into some lake. Nobody even notices that there is such a river. This is how everyone lived in Oblomovka, caring only about food and peace in their village. Few people passed through it, and there was no way for the Oblomovites to know that someone lived differently, they also had no idea about the sciences, and they didn’t need all this... Ilyusha lived among such people - beloved, protected by everyone. He was always surrounded by care and tenderness. He was not allowed to do anything on his own and in general was not allowed to do everything that any child wants, thereby involving him in the essence of Oblomov’s life. His attitude to education and science was also shaped by those around him: “learning will not go away,” the main thing is the certificate, “that Ilyusha has passed all the sciences and arts,” but the inner “light” of education was unknown to both Oblomov’s people and Ilya himself.
In Verkhlevo everything was the other way around. The manager there was Andryusha’s father, a German. Therefore, he took on everything with the pedantry characteristic of this nation, including his son. From Andryusha’s earliest childhood, Ivan Bogdanovich forced him to act independently, to look for a way out of all situations himself: from a street fight to running errands. But this does not mean that his father abandoned Andrei to the mercy of fate - no! He only directed him at the right moments towards independent development and accumulation of experience; later, he simply gave Andrei “soil” on which he could grow without anyone’s help (trips to the city, errands). And young Stolz used this “soil” and extracted maximum benefit from it. But Andryusha was raised not only by his father. The mother had completely different views on raising her son. She wanted him to grow up not as a “German burgher,” but as a highly moral and spiritual gentleman with excellent manners and “white hands.” That's why she played Hertz for him, sang about flowers, about the poetry of life, about her high calling. And this two-sided upbringing - on the one hand, hard work, practical, tough, on the other - gentle, lofty, poetic - made Stolz an outstanding person, combining hard work, energy, will, practicality, intelligence, poetry and moderate romanticism.
Yes, these two people lived in different environments, but they met as children. Therefore, from childhood, Ilya and Andrei greatly influenced each other. Andryusha liked the calmness and tranquility that Ilya gave him, who received it from Oblomovka. Ilyusha, in turn, was attracted by Andrey’s energy, ability to concentrate and do what needed to be done. This was the case when they grew up and left their native places...
It's even interesting to compare how they did it. The Oblomovites said goodbye to Ilyusha with tears, bitterness, and sadness. They provided him with a long, but very comfortable - Ilya could not do otherwise - trip among servants, treats, feather beds - as if part of Oblomovka had separated and sailed away from the village. Andrei said goodbye to his father dryly and quickly - everything that they could say to each other was clear to them without words. And the son, having learned his route, quickly drove along it. Already at this stage in the lives of friends, their divergence is visible.
What did they do when they were far from home? How did you study? How did you behave in the world? In his youth, Oblomov envisioned peace and happiness as the goal of his life; Stolz – labor, spiritual and physical strength. Therefore, Ilya perceived education as another obstacle on the way to the goal, and Andrei - as the main, integral part of life. Ilya Oblomov wanted to serve peacefully, without worries and worries “like, for example, lazy writing down income and expenses in a notebook.” For Stolz, service was a duty for which he was ready. The two friends brought this attitude from childhood. What about love? Ilya “never gave himself up to beauties, was never their slave, not even a very diligent admirer, already because getting closer to women leads to great trouble.” Andrei “was not blinded by beauty and therefore did not forget, did not humiliate the dignity of a man, was not a slave, “did not lie at the feet” of beauties, although he did not experience fiery passions.” Girls could only be his friends. Because of this same rationalism, Stolz always had friends. At first Oblomov had them too, but over time they began to tire him, and, little by little, he very much limited his social circle.
Time went on and on... Stolz developed - Oblomov “withdrew into himself.” And now they are more than thirty years old. What are they?
Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, standing firmly on his feet, having amassed a lot of capital for himself, a scientist, and a lot of travellers. He has friends everywhere and is respected as a strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking... but he internally little by little gets tired of this rhythm of life. And then his childhood friend, Ilya Oblomov, helps him, whose cordiality, calmness, and tranquility allow Stolz to relax. Well, what is the second friend himself?
Ilya does not travel abroad, like Andrei, on business or out into the world. He rarely leaves the house at all. He is lazy, does not like fuss, noisy companies, he does not have a single real friend except Stolz. His main occupation is to lie on the sofa in his favorite robe among dust and dirt, sometimes in the company of people “without bread, without craft, without hands for productivity and only with a stomach for consumption, but almost always with rank and title.” This is his outer existence. But the inner life of dreams and imagination was the main thing for Ilya Ilyich. Everything that he could do in real life, Oblomov does in dreams and dreams - only without physical effort and special mental effort.
What is life for Oblomov? Obstacles, burdens, worries that interfere with peace and blessings. And for Stolz? Enjoyment of any form, and if you don’t like it, Stolz easily changes it.
For Andrei Ivanovich, the basis of everything is reason and work. For Oblomov - happiness and tranquility. And in love they are the same... Both friends fell in love with the same girl. In my opinion, Ilya Ilyich fell in love with Olga simply because his untouched heart had been waiting for love for a long time. Stolz fell in love with her not with his heart, but with his mind; he fell in love with Olga’s experience, maturity, and intelligence. The prospect of family life in Oblomov’s understanding is to live life happily and cheerfully, without worries, without labor, “so that today is like yesterday.” For Stolz, marriage with Olga Sergeevna brought mental happiness, and with it spiritual and physical happiness. This is how he lived the rest of his life - in harmony of mind, soul, heart with Olga. And Oblomov, having “decayed” completely, married a woman who can hardly be called a human being. He exchanged Olga's intelligence, maturity, and will for the round elbows of Agafya Matveevna, who had no idea about the existence of qualities thanks to which a Man can be called a man. I believe that this is the highest point of differences between Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz.
These two people are childhood friends. At first, because of this, they were similar and united in many aspects of life. But over time, when Ilya and Andrey grew up, Oblomovka and Verkhlevo - two opposites - had their effect on them, and the friends began to differ more and more. Their relationship endured many blows, but their childhood friendship kept them strong. But at the end of their life’s journey they became so different that further normal, full-fledged maintenance of relationships turned out to be impossible, and they had to be forgotten. Of course, throughout their lives, Oblomov and Stolz were antipodes, antipodes, held together by childhood friendship and torn apart by different upbringings.
Literature – 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"
(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)
Lesson objectives: to identify the features of the author’s position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop skills in characterizing literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;
The main idea of the work;
Main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and systematize educational material;
Improve your skills in working with text;
Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.
During the classes.
IOrg moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (Part 2,
chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.
1.Introductory remarks.
Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)
2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?
Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.
Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).
What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;
In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”
(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
b)Origin:
…
…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates from the university with flying colors, successfully serves, retires to take care of his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.
His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)
His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.
His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).
A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”
Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”
Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
e) Established program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).
“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”
What was Stolz most afraid of?
Substantiating their answers with text, the students say that dreams and imagination (“optical illusion,” as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning
“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and to carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).
Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introductory speech about the meaning of life.
Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)
In what setting does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?
e) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
“...he is constantly on the move...”
Sleep (inactivity)
“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”
A dream is a “shell, self-deception”
“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”
Fear of circumstances
“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)
Labor is punishment
“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed
- Is Stolz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who seek meaning in secular life are dead, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!
Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?
Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?
Result:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Give your reasons. What values (which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)
- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?
Student answers:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.
2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is constantly active and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he has become a rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.
Answer to the problematic question: Are Oblomov and Stolz twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summarizing.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.
Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further independent adult life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol: “Take with you on the journey, emerging from the soft youthful years into harsh, bitter courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”
VI . Homework :
Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:
Individual tasks:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)
3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
Origin
from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.
Education
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow
Embedded program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.
… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...
The purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.
Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: sometimes it will pinch you on the sly, sometimes it will suddenly come right from your forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.
Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
Test of love
he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
The absolute opposite of Oblomov is Stolz, who becomes the embodiment of calculation, activity, strength, determination, and determination. In Stolz’s German upbringing, the main thing was the development of an independent, active, purposeful nature. When describing the life of Stolz, Goncharov most often uses the words “firmly,” “straight,” and “walked.” And Stolz’s surname itself is sharp, abrupt, and his whole figure, in which there was not a fraction of roundness and softness, as in Oblomov’s appearance - all this reveals his German roots. His whole life was outlined once and for all; imagination, dreams and passions did not fit into his life program: “It seems that he controlled both sorrows and joys like the movement of his hands.” The most valued quality in a person for Stolz is “persistence in achieving a goal,” however, Goncharov adds that Stolz’s respect for a persistent person did not depend on the quality of the goal itself: “He never refused to respect people with this persistence, no matter how their goals were not important."
Stolz's goal in life, as he formulates it, is work and only work. To Oblomov’s question: “Why live?” - Stolz, without thinking for a moment, answers: “For the work itself, for nothing else.” This unequivocal “nothing else” is somewhat alarming. The results of Stolz’s work have a very tangible “material equivalent”: “He really made a house and money.” Goncharov speaks very vaguely, casually about the nature of Stolz’s activities: “He is involved in some company that ships goods abroad.” For the first time in Russian literature, an attempt appeared to show a positive image of an entrepreneur who, not having wealth at birth, achieves it through his labor.
Trying to elevate his hero, Goncharov convinces the reader that from his mother, a Russian noblewoman, Stolz acquired the ability to feel and appreciate love: “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world.” However, in Stolz’s love everything is subordinated to reason; it is no coincidence that the “reasonable” Stolz never understood What happened between Oblomov and Olga, What became the basis of their love: “Oblomov! Can't be! – he added again affirmatively. “There’s something here: you don’t understand yourself, Oblomov, or, finally, love!” “This is not love, this is something else. It didn’t even reach your heart: imagination and pride, on the one hand, weakness, on the other.” Stolz never understood that there are different types of love, and not just the kind that he calculated. It is no coincidence that this inability to accept life in its diversity and unpredictability ultimately leads to the “Oblomovism” of Stolz himself. Having fallen in love with Olga, he is ready to stop, freeze. “I found mine,” thought Stolz. – I’ve waited!.. here it is, the last happiness of a person! Everything has been found, there is nothing to look for, there is nowhere else to go!” Having already become Stolz’s wife, experiencing true love for him, realizing that she has found her happiness in him, Olga often thinks about the future, she is afraid of this “silence of life”: “What is this? - she thought. -Where should we go? Nowhere! There is no further road. Is it really not, have you really completed the circle of life? Is everything really here, everything?”
Their attitude towards each other can say a lot about the characters. Oblomov sincerely loves Stolz, he feels true selflessness and generosity towards his friend; one can recall, for example, his joy at the happiness of Stolz and Olga. In his relationship with Stolz, the beauty of Oblomov’s soul is revealed, his ability to think about the meaning of life, activity, and its focus on man. Oblomov appears as a man who passionately seeks, although he does not find, a standard of life. In Stolz there is some kind of “lack of feeling” towards Oblomov; he is not capable of subtle emotional movements: on the one hand, he sincerely sympathizes with Ilya Ilyich, loves him, on the other hand, in relation to Oblomov he often turns out to be not so much a friend as “formidable” teacher." Stolz was for Ilya Ilyich the embodiment of that stormy life that always frightened Oblomov, from which he tried to hide. To Oblomov’s bitter and annoying: “Life touches,” Stolz immediately responds: “And thank God!” Stolz sincerely and persistently tried to force Oblomov to live more actively, but this persistence sometimes became harsh and sometimes cruel. Without sparing Oblomov and not considering that he has the right to do so, Stolz touches on the most painful memories of Olga, without the slightest respect for his friend’s wife he says: “Look around, where are you and who are you with?” The very phrase “now or never,” menacing and inevitable, was also unnatural to Oblomov’s soft nature. Very often, in a conversation with a friend, Stolz uses the words “I will shake you,” “you must,” “you must live differently.” Stolz drew a life plan not only for himself, but also for Oblomov: “You must live with us, close to us. Olga and I decided so, so it will be!” Stolz “saves” Oblomov from his life, from his choice - and in this salvation he sees his task.
What kind of life did he want to involve his friend in? The content of the week that Oblomov spent with Stolz was inherently different from the dream on Gorokhovaya Street. There were some things to do this week, lunch with a gold miner, tea at the dacha in a large society, but Oblomov very accurately called it vanity, behind which no person is visible. In his last meeting with his friend, Stolz said to Oblomov: “You know me: I set myself this task a long time ago and will not give up. Until now I was distracted by various things, but now I am free.” So the main reason emerged - various matters that distracted Stolz from his friend’s life. And indeed, between the appearances of Stolz in Oblomov’s life - like failures, like abysses - years pass: “Stolz did not come to St. Petersburg for several years,” “a year has passed since Ilya Ilyich’s illness,” “it’s been five years since we have seen each other.” It is no coincidence that even during Oblomov’s life, “an abyss opened up” between him and Stolz, “a stone wall was erected,” and this wall existed only for Stolz. And while Oblomov was still alive, Stolz buried his friend with an unequivocal sentence: “You are dead, Ilya!”
The author's attitude towards Stolz is ambiguous. Goncharov, on the one hand, hoped that soon “many Stoltz would appear under Russian names,” on the other hand, he understood that in artistic terms it was hardly possible to call the image of Stolz successful, full-blooded, he admitted that the image of Stolz was “weak, pale - it makes the idea look too bare.”
The problem of the hero in the novel “Oblomov” is connected with the author’s thoughts about the present and future of Russia, about the generic traits of the Russian national character. Oblomov and Stolz are not just different human characters, they are different systems of moral values, different worldviews and ideas about the human personality. The hero’s problem is that the author does not give preference to either Oblomov or Stolz, reserving to each of them his right to the truth and choice of life path.
